medium Known exploitedREV. 01
CVE-2023-41991Apple — a certificate check that accepted too much
A certificate check in Apple's operating systems accepted what it should have turned away, so a malicious application could present itself as properly signed. Apple reports attacks on builds released before iOS 16.7.
Read the risk
THE VITAL STATS- CVSS score
- 5.5/ 10 CVSS v3.1
- EPSS probability
- 13% Likelihood of exploitation
- Attack complexity
- Low Conditions needed to exploit
- Known exploited
- Yes — CISA KEV
- CVE published
- 2023-09-21
- Added to KEV
- 2023-09-25
- Exploit published
- Not recorded
- Confidence
- high
- Kill chain
- defense evasion
- MITRE ATT&CK
- —
- Severity
- medium
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Attacker needsThe attacker must get an application onto the device.
Fixed inmacOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7, iPadOS 16.7
Behind the card
5 REFERENCES- 01CVE recordNVD recordnvd.nist.gov
- 02CISACISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogcisa.gov
- 03Vendor advisorysupport.apple.comsupport.apple.com
- 04Vendor advisorysupport.apple.comsupport.apple.com
- 05Vendor advisorysupport.apple.comsupport.apple.com
Field-level provenanceTRACE THE SOURCES +
Which source supports each field, when it was retrieved, and who extracted it.
| Fields | Source | Retrieved | Extractor | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cvss, exploitation.attack_complexity, exploitation.exploit_available, references, published_at | nvd.nist.gov | 2026-09-24 | scrty-crds-pipeline/0.1 | high |
| exploitation.known_exploited, exploitation.kev_added | cisa.gov | 2026-09-24 | scrty-crds-pipeline/0.1 | high |
| epss | api.first.org | 2026-09-24 | scrty-crds-pipeline/0.1 | high |
| title, summary, severity, remediation, mitre_attack, kill_chain, recommended_action, confidence, tags, exploitation.prerequisites | nvd.nist.gov | 2026-09-24 | claude-code | high |
Printing history
THE RECORD- r1Initial base card
First printing. This card has not been reprinted since publication.