{
  "crds_version": "0.1",
  "kind": "base",
  "id": "crds:cve-2025-62593",
  "revision": 1,
  "title": "Ray — browser-triggered code injection RCE",
  "summary": "Ray, an open-source artificial intelligence (AI) compute engine, before 2.52.0 relied only on the browser User-Agent header to block web attacks. A malicious site or ad can bypass this via Domain Name System (DNS) rebinding in Firefox or Safari and run code on a developer's Ray.",
  "source_type": "cve",
  "severity": "high",
  "cvss": {
    "score": 8.8,
    "vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
    "version": "3.1"
  },
  "epss": 0.16888,
  "exploitation": {
    "known_exploited": true,
    "exploit_available": true,
    "attack_complexity": "low",
    "kev_added": "2026-08-17",
    "prerequisites": "A developer running Ray before 2.52.0 must visit an attacker-controlled web page or ad in Firefox or Safari; no Ray account or credentials are needed."
  },
  "remediation": {
    "patch_available": true,
    "fixed_in": [
      "ray >= 2.52.0"
    ]
  },
  "mitre_attack": [
    "T1189",
    "T1059"
  ],
  "kill_chain": "initial_access",
  "recommended_action": "Upgrade Ray to 2.52.0 or later now; keep Ray dashboards off the public internet and check developer hosts running Ray for unexpected processes.",
  "confidence": "high",
  "provenance": [
    {
      "fields": [
        "cvss",
        "exploitation.attack_complexity",
        "exploitation.exploit_available",
        "references",
        "published_at"
      ],
      "source": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62593",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-22T06:10:25.213Z",
      "confidence": "high",
      "extractor": "scrty-crds-pipeline/0.1"
    },
    {
      "fields": [
        "exploitation.known_exploited",
        "exploitation.kev_added"
      ],
      "source": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-22T06:10:25.213Z",
      "confidence": "high",
      "extractor": "scrty-crds-pipeline/0.1"
    },
    {
      "fields": [
        "epss"
      ],
      "source": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-62593",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-22T06:10:25.213Z",
      "confidence": "high",
      "extractor": "scrty-crds-pipeline/0.1"
    },
    {
      "fields": [
        "title",
        "summary",
        "severity",
        "remediation",
        "mitre_attack",
        "kill_chain",
        "recommended_action",
        "confidence",
        "tags",
        "exploitation.prerequisites"
      ],
      "source": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62593",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-22T06:10:25.213Z",
      "confidence": "high",
      "extractor": "claude-code"
    }
  ],
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "cve",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62593",
      "label": "NVD record"
    },
    {
      "type": "cisa",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog",
      "label": "CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog"
    },
    {
      "type": "vendor_advisory",
      "url": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09"
    },
    {
      "type": "exploit",
      "url": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v"
    },
    {
      "type": "writeup",
      "url": "https://www.bitsight.com/blog/rondodox-botnet-infrastructure-analysis"
    }
  ],
  "published_at": "2025-11-26T23:15:47.927Z",
  "issued_at": "2026-09-22T06:10:25.213Z",
  "tags": [
    "ray-project",
    "ray",
    "code-injection",
    "dns-rebinding",
    "rce",
    "kev"
  ]
}